WPF – 触发器
WPF – 触发器
触发器基本上使您能够更改属性值或根据属性值执行操作。因此,它允许您动态更改控件的外观和/或行为,而无需创建新控件。
当满足某些条件时,触发器用于更改任何给定属性的值。触发器通常在应用于该特定控件的样式或文档根中定义。有三种类型的触发器 –
- 属性触发器
- 数据触发器
- 事件触发器
属性触发器
在属性触发器中,当一个属性发生更改时,它会立即或动画更改另一个属性。例如,当鼠标悬停在按钮上时,您可以使用属性触发器来更改按钮的外观。
以下示例代码显示了如何在鼠标悬停在按钮上时更改按钮的前景色。
<Window x:Class = "WPFPropertyTriggers.MainWindow" xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title = "MainWindow" Height = "350" Width = "604"> <Window.Resources> <Style x:Key = "TriggerStyle" TargetType = "Button"> <Setter Property = "Foreground" Value = "Blue" /> <Style.Triggers> <Trigger Property = "IsMouseOver" Value = "True"> <Setter Property = "Foreground" Value = "Green" /> </Trigger> </Style.Triggers> </Style> </Window.Resources> <Grid> <Button Width = "100" Height = "70" Style = "{StaticResource TriggerStyle}" Content = "Trigger"/> </Grid> </Window>
当您编译并执行上述代码时,它将产生以下窗口 –
当鼠标悬停在按钮上时,其前景色将变为绿色。
数据触发器
当绑定的数据满足某些条件时,数据触发器会执行某些操作。让我们看一下以下 XAML 代码,其中使用一些属性创建了一个复选框和一个文本块。当复选框被选中时,它会将其前景色更改为红色。
<Window x:Class = "WPFDataTrigger.MainWindow" xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title = "Data Trigger" Height = "350" Width = "604"> <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment = "Center"> <CheckBox x:Name = "redColorCheckBox" Content = "Set red as foreground color" Margin = "20"/> <TextBlock Name = "txtblock" VerticalAlignment = "Center" Text = "Event Trigger" FontSize = "24" Margin = "20"> <TextBlock.Style> <Style> <Style.Triggers> <DataTrigger Binding = "{Binding ElementName = redColorCheckBox, Path = IsChecked}" Value = "true"> <Setter Property = "TextBlock.Foreground" Value = "Red"/> <Setter Property = "TextBlock.Cursor" Value = "Hand" /> </DataTrigger> </Style.Triggers> </Style> </TextBlock.Style> </TextBlock> </StackPanel> </Window>
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生以下输出 –
当您勾选复选框时,文本块将其前景色更改为红色。
事件触发器
当特定事件被触发时,事件触发器会执行一些操作。它通常用于在控件上完成一些动画,例如 DoubleAnumatio、ColorAnimation 等。在下面的示例中,我们将创建一个简单的按钮。当点击事件被触发时,它将扩展按钮的宽度和高度。
<Window x:Class = "WPFEventTrigger.MainWindow" xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title = "MainWindow" Height = "350" Width = "604"> <Grid> <Button Content = "Click Me" Width = "60" Height = "30"> <Button.Triggers> <EventTrigger RoutedEvent = "Button.Click"> <EventTrigger.Actions> <BeginStoryboard> <Storyboard> <DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty = "Width" Duration = "0:0:4"> <LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value = "60" KeyTime = "0:0:0"/> <LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value = "120" KeyTime = "0:0:1"/> <LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value = "200" KeyTime = "0:0:2"/> <LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value = "300" KeyTime = "0:0:3"/> </DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames> <DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty = "Height" Duration = "0:0:4"> <LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value = "30" KeyTime = "0:0:0"/> <LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value = "40" KeyTime = "0:0:1"/> <LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value = "80" KeyTime = "0:0:2"/> <LinearDoubleKeyFrame Value = "150" KeyTime = "0:0:3"/> </DoubleAnimationUsingKeyFrames> </Storyboard> </BeginStoryboard> </EventTrigger.Actions> </EventTrigger> </Button.Triggers> </Button> </Grid> </Window>
当您编译并执行上述代码时,它将产生以下窗口 –
单击该按钮后,您将观察到它将开始在两个维度上扩展。
我们建议您编译并执行上述示例,并将触发器也应用于其他属性。