DocumentDB SQL – 用户定义的函数
DocumentDB SQL – 用户定义的函数
DocumentDB SQL 提供对用户定义函数 (UDF) 的支持。UDF 只是您可以编写的另一种 JavaScript 函数,它们的工作方式与您期望的差不多。您可以创建 UDF 以使用可在查询中引用的自定义业务逻辑来扩展查询语言。
DocumentDB SQL 语法经过扩展以支持使用这些 UDF 的自定义应用程序逻辑。UDF 可以在 DocumentDB 中注册,然后作为 SQL 查询的一部分进行引用。
对于此示例,让我们考虑以下三个文档。
AndersenFamily文档如下。
{ "id": "AndersenFamily", "lastName": "Andersen", "parents": [ { "firstName": "Thomas", "relationship": "father" }, { "firstName": "Mary Kay", "relationship": "mother" } ], "children": [ { "firstName": "Henriette Thaulow", "gender": "female", "grade": 5, "pets": [ { "givenName": "Fluffy", "type": "Rabbit" } ] } ], "location": { "state": "WA", "county": "King", "city": "Seattle" }, "isRegistered": true }
SmithFamily文档如下。
{ "id": "SmithFamily", "parents": [ { "familyName": "Smith", "givenName": "James" }, { "familyName": "Curtis", "givenName": "Helen" } ], "children": [ { "givenName": "Michelle", "gender": "female", "grade": 1 }, { "givenName": "John", "gender": "male", "grade": 7, "pets": [ { "givenName": "Tweetie", "type": "Bird" } ] } ], "location": { "state": "NY", "county": "Queens", "city": "Forest Hills" }, "isRegistered": true }
WakefieldFamily文档如下。
{ "id": "WakefieldFamily", "parents": [ { "familyName": "Wakefield", "givenName": "Robin" }, { "familyName": "Miller", "givenName": "Ben" } ], "children": [ { "familyName": "Merriam", "givenName": "Jesse", "gender": "female", "grade": 6, "pets": [ { "givenName": "Charlie Brown", "type": "Dog" }, { "givenName": "Tiger", "type": "Cat" }, { "givenName": "Princess", "type": "Cat" } ] }, { "familyName": "Miller", "givenName": "Lisa", "gender": "female", "grade": 3, "pets": [ { "givenName": "Jake", "type": "Snake" } ] } ], "location": { "state": "NY", "county": "Manhattan", "city": "NY" }, "isRegistered": false }
让我们看一个示例,在该示例中我们将创建一些简单的 UDF。
以下是CreateUserDefinedFunctions的实现。
private async static Task CreateUserDefinedFunctions(DocumentClient client) { Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine("**** Create User Defined Functions ****"); Console.WriteLine(); await CreateUserDefinedFunction(client, "udfRegEx"); }
我们有一个 udfRegEx,在 CreateUserDefinedFunction 中,我们从本地文件中获取它的 JavaScript 代码。我们为新的 UDF 构造定义对象,并使用集合的 SelfLink 和 udfDefinition 对象调用 CreateUserDefinedFunctionAsync,如下面的代码所示。
private async static Task<UserDefinedFunction> CreateUserDefinedFunction(DocumentClient client, string udfId) { var udfBody = File.ReadAllText(@"..\..\Server\" + udfId + ".js"); var udfDefinition = new UserDefinedFunction { Id = udfId, Body = udfBody }; var result = await client .CreateUserDefinedFunctionAsync(_collection.SelfLink, udfDefinition); var udf = result.Resource; Console.WriteLine("Created user defined function {0}; RID: {1}", udf.Id, udf.ResourceId); return udf; }
我们从结果的资源属性中取回新的 UDF,并将其返回给调用者。要显示现有的 UDF,以下是ViewUserDefinedFunctions的实现。我们调用CreateUserDefinedFunctionQuery并像往常一样循环遍历它们。
private static void ViewUserDefinedFunctions(DocumentClient client) { Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine("**** View UDFs ****"); Console.WriteLine(); var udfs = client .CreateUserDefinedFunctionQuery(_collection.UserDefinedFunctionsLink) .ToList(); foreach (var udf in udfs) { Console.WriteLine("User defined function {0}; RID: {1}", udf.Id, udf.ResourceId); } }
DocumentDB SQL 不提供用于搜索子字符串或正则表达式的内置函数,因此下面的小单行填补了这一空白,它是一个 JavaScript 函数。
function udfRegEx(input, regex) { return input.match(regex); }
给定第一个参数中的输入字符串,使用 JavaScript 的内置正则表达式支持将第二个参数中的模式匹配字符串传入 . 匹配。我们可以运行一个子字符串查询来查找所有在lastName属性中包含单词 Andersen 的商店。
private static void Execute_udfRegEx(DocumentClient client) { var sql = "SELECT c.name FROM c WHERE udf.udfRegEx(c.lastName, 'Andersen') != null"; Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine("Querying for Andersen"); var documents = client.CreateDocumentQuery(_collection.SelfLink, sql).ToList(); Console.WriteLine("Found {0} Andersen:", documents.Count); foreach (var document in documents) { Console.WriteLine("Id: {0}, Name: {1}", document.id, document.lastName); } }
请注意,我们必须使用前缀udf限定每个 UDF 引用。我们只是像任何普通查询一样将 SQL 传递给CreateDocumentQuery。最后,让我们从CreateDocumentClient任务调用上述查询
private static async Task CreateDocumentClient() { // Create a new instance of the DocumentClient using (var client = new DocumentClient(new Uri(EndpointUrl), AuthorizationKey)){ database = client.CreateDatabaseQuery("SELECT * FROM c WHERE c.id = 'myfirstdb'").AsEnumerable().First(); collection = client.CreateDocumentCollectionQuery(database.CollectionsLink, "SELECT * FROM c WHERE c.id = 'Families'").AsEnumerable().First(); await CreateUserDefinedFunctions(client); ViewUserDefinedFunctions(client); Execute_udfRegEx(client); } }
执行上述代码时,会产生以下输出。
**** Create User Defined Functions **** Created user defined function udfRegEx; RID: kV5oANVXnwAlAAAAAAAAYA== **** View UDFs **** User defined function udfRegEx; RID: kV5oANVXnwAlAAAAAAAAYA== Querying for Andersen Found 1 Andersen: Id: AndersenFamily, Name: Andersen