SQL – 排序结果

SQL ORDER BY子句用于根据一列或多列按升序或降序对数据进行排序。某些数据库默认按升序对查询结果进行排序。

句法

用于按升序或降序对结果进行排序的 ORDER BY 子句的基本语法如下 –

SELECT column-list 
FROM table_name 
[WHERE condition] 
[ORDER BY column1, column2, .. columnN] [ASC | DESC];

您可以在 ORDER BY 子句中使用多个列。确保您使用的任何列进行排序，该列都应该在列列表中。

例子

考虑具有以下记录的 CUSTOMERS 表 –

+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME     | AGE | ADDRESS   | SALARY   |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
|  1 | Ramesh   |  32 | Ahmedabad |  2000.00 |
|  2 | Khilan   |  25 | Delhi     |  1500.00 |
|  3 | kaushik  |  23 | Kota      |  2000.00 |
|  4 | Chaitali |  25 | Mumbai    |  6500.00 |
|  5 | Hardik   |  27 | Bhopal    |  8500.00 |
|  6 | Komal    |  22 | MP        |  4500.00 |
|  7 | Muffy    |  24 | Indore    | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

以下是一个示例，它将按 NAME 和 SALARY 按升序对结果进行排序。

SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS
   ORDER BY NAME, SALARY;

这将产生以下结果 –

+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME     | AGE | ADDRESS   | SALARY   |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
|  4 | Chaitali |  25 | Mumbai    |  6500.00 |
|  5 | Hardik   |  27 | Bhopal    |  8500.00 |
|  3 | kaushik  |  23 | Kota      |  2000.00 |
|  2 | Khilan   |  25 | Delhi     |  1500.00 |
|  6 | Komal    |  22 | MP        |  4500.00 |
|  7 | Muffy    |  24 | Indore    | 10000.00 |
|  1 | Ramesh   |  32 | Ahmedabad |  2000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

下面的代码块有一个示例，它将按 NAME 按降序对结果进行排序。

SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS
   ORDER BY NAME DESC;

这将产生以下结果 –

+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME     | AGE | ADDRESS   | SALARY   |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
|  1 | Ramesh   |  32 | Ahmedabad |  2000.00 |
|  7 | Muffy    |  24 | Indore    | 10000.00 |
|  6 | Komal    |  22 | MP        |  4500.00 |
|  2 | Khilan   |  25 | Delhi     |  1500.00 |
|  3 | kaushik  |  23 | Kota      |  2000.00 |
|  5 | Hardik   |  27 | Bhopal    |  8500.00 |
|  4 | Chaitali |  25 | Mumbai    |  6500.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

要以自己的首选顺序获取行，使用的 SELECT 查询如下 –

SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS
   ORDER BY (CASE ADDRESS
   WHEN 'DELHI' 	 THEN 1
   WHEN 'BHOPAL' 	 THEN 2
   WHEN 'KOTA' 	 THEN 3
   WHEN 'AHMEDABAD' THEN 4
   WHEN 'MP' 	THEN 5
   ELSE 100 END) ASC, ADDRESS DESC;

这将产生以下结果 –

+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME     | AGE | ADDRESS   | SALARY   |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
|  2 | Khilan   |  25 | Delhi     |  1500.00 |
|  5 | Hardik   |  27 | Bhopal    |  8500.00 |
|  3 | kaushik  |  23 | Kota      |  2000.00 |
|  6 | Komal    |  22 | MP        |  4500.00 |
|  4 | Chaitali |  25 | Mumbai    |  6500.00 |
|  7 | Muffy    |  24 | Indore    | 10000.00 |
|  1 | Ramesh   |  32 | Ahmedabad |  2000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

这将首先按照您自己的偏好顺序按 ADDRESS 对客户进行排序，并按照其余地址的自然顺序对客户进行排序。此外，其余地址将按逆字母顺序排序。