NHibernate – 关系
NHibernate – 关系
在本章中，我们将研究 NHibernate 中的关系。让我们将注意力转向如何理解 NHibernate 中的关系。最简单的方法是从数据库的角度考虑关系。
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我们将首先创建一个新应用程序，我们将在其中创建客户和订单实体之间的一些关系。
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我们要查看的第一个关系是经典的集合关系。
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我们有一个客户收集了一系列订单。
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这是一个一对多的关系，它在数据库中由 2 个表表示，订单表上有一个客户 ID，我们有一个返回客户的外键关系。
首先，我们需要创建一个数据库和两个表 Customer 和 Order。您可以通过在 SQL Server 资源管理器中指定以下查询来创建它。
USE [master] GO CREATE DATABASE [NHibernateDemo] GO USE [NHibernateDemo] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Customer]( [Id] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, [FirstName] [nvarchar](100) NOT NULL, [LastName] [nvarchar](100) NOT NULL, [Points] [int] NULL, [HasGoldStatus] [bit] NULL, [MemberSince] [date] NULL, [CreditRating] [nchar](20) NULL, [AverageRating] [decimal](18, 4) NULL, [Street] [nvarchar](100) NULL, [City] [nvarchar](100) NULL, [Province] [nvarchar](100) NULL, [Country] [nvarchar](100) NULL, PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC) ) GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Order]( [Id] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, [CustomerId] [uniqueidentifier] NULL, [Ordered] [datetime] NULL, [Shipped] [datetime] NULL, [Street] [nvarchar](100) NULL, [City] [nvarchar](100) NULL, [Province] [nvarchar](100) NULL, [Country] [nvarchar](100) NULL, PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id] ASC) ) GO
它将在数据库中创建两个表。下图显示了客户表。
下图显示了订单表，您可以在其中看到返回到客户的外键关系。
我们需要在app.config文件中定义连接字符串，这里是app.config文件的实现。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<connectionStrings>
<add name = "default" connectionString = "Data Source =
(localdb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog = NHibernateDemo;Integrated Security =
True;Connect Timeout = 30;Encrypt = False;TrustServerCertificate = False;
ApplicationIntent = ReadWrite;MultiSubnetFailover = False"/>
</connectionStrings>
</configuration>
要在应用程序中安装 NHibernate，请在 NuGet 管理器控制台窗口中运行以下命令。
install-package NHibernate
要配置 NHibernate 配置，我们需要在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中定义配置，如以下代码所示。
<xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
<hibernate-configuration xmlns = "urn:nhibernate-configuration-2.2">
<session-factory>
<property name = "connection.connection_string_name">default</property>
<property name = "connection.driver_class">
NHibernate.Driver.SqlClientDriver
</property>
<property name = "dialect">
NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2008Dialect
</property>
<property name = "show_sql">true</property>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
在这个例子中，我们将使用两个域类，Customer 和 Order。
这是 Customer.cs 文件实现，其中我们有两个类，一个是 Customer 类，另一个是 Location 类，其中对象用作 Customer 类中的地址。
using System;
using System.Text;
using Iesi.Collections.Generic;
namespace NHibernateDemo {
public class Customer {
public Customer() {
MemberSince = DateTime.UtcNow;
Orders = new HashedSet<Order>();
}
public virtual Guid Id { get; set; }
public virtual string FirstName { get; set; }
public virtual string LastName { get; set; }
public virtual double AverageRating { get; set; }
public virtual int Points { get; set; }
public virtual bool HasGoldStatus { get; set; }
public virtual DateTime MemberSince { get; set; }
public virtual CustomerCreditRating CreditRating { get; set; }
public virtual Location Address { get; set; }
public virtual ISet<Order> Orders { get; set; }
public virtual void AddOrder(Order order) { Orders.Add(order); order.Customer = this; }
public override string ToString() {
var result = new StringBuilder();
result.AppendFormat("{1} {2} ({0})\r\n\tPoints: {3}\r\n\tHasGoldStatus:
{4}\r\n\tMemberSince: {5} ({7})\r\n\tCreditRating: {6}\r\n\tAverageRating:
{8}\r\n", Id, FirstName, LastName, Points, HasGoldStatus, MemberSince,
CreditRating, MemberSince.Kind, AverageRating);
result.AppendLine("\tOrders:");
foreach(var order in Orders) {
result.AppendLine("\t\t" + order);
}
return result.ToString();
}
}
public class Location {
public virtual string Street { get; set; }
public virtual string City { get; set; }
public virtual string Province { get; set; }
public virtual string Country { get; set; }
}
public enum CustomerCreditRating {
Excellent,
VeryVeryGood,
VeryGood,
Good,
Neutral,
Poor,
Terrible
}
}
这是映射文件Customer.hbm.xml，其中 Customer 类映射到 Customer 表。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
<hibernate-mapping xmlns = "urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" assembly = "NHibernateDemo"
namespace = "NHibernateDemo">
<class name = "Customer">
<id name = "Id">
<generator class = "guid.comb"/>
</id>
<property name = "FirstName"/>
<property name = "LastName"/>
<property name = "AverageRating"/>
<property name = "Points"/>
<property name = "HasGoldStatus"/>
<property name = "MemberSince" type = "UtcDateTime"/>
<property name = "CreditRating" type = "CustomerCreditRatingType"/>
<component name = "Address">
<property name = "Street"/>
<property name = "City"/>
<property name = "Province"/>
<property name = "Country"/>
</component>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
我们还有一个 Order 类，这里是Order.cs文件的实现。
using System; using Iesi.Collections.Generic;
namespace NHibernateDemo {
public class Order {
public virtual Guid Id { get; set; }
public virtual DateTime Ordered { get; set; }
public virtual DateTime? Shipped { get; set; }
public virtual Location ShipTo { get; set; }
public virtual Customer Customer { get; set; }
public override string ToString() {
return string.Format("Order Id: {0}", Id);
}
}
}
多对一关系
我们还需要将 Order 类映射到数据库中的 Order 表，所以这里是Order.hbm.xml文件的实现。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
<hibernate-mapping xmlns = "urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" assembly = "NHibernateDemo"
namespace = "NHibernateDemo">
<class name = "Order" table = "`Order`">
<id name = "Id">
<generator class = "guid.comb"/>
</id>
<property name = "Ordered"/>
<property name = "Shipped"/>
<component name = "ShipTo">
<property name = "Street"/>
<property name = "City"/>
<property name = "Province"/>
<property name = "Country"/>
</component>
<!--<many-to-one name = "Customer" column = "CustomerId" cascade =
"save-update"/>-->
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
一对多关系
在这里，我们将看看一对多的关系，在这种情况下，客户和订单之间。我们有我们的客户，我们正在创建一个新客户，您可以看到集合已使用以下订单对进行初始化。
private static Customer CreateCustomer() {
var customer = new Customer {
FirstName = "John",
LastName = "Doe",
Points = 100,
HasGoldStatus = true,
MemberSince = new DateTime(2012, 1, 1),
CreditRating = CustomerCreditRating.Good,
AverageRating = 42.42424242,
Address = CreateLocation()
};
var order1 = new Order {
Ordered = DateTime.Now
};
customer.AddOrder(order1);
var order2 = new Order {
Ordered = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1),
Shipped = DateTime.Now,
ShipTo = CreateLocation()
};
customer.AddOrder(order2);
return customer;
}
所以我们将创建一个新客户然后保存它，保存后，我们将找到 ID，然后在 Main 方法中的另一个会话中重新加载它，如下面的程序所示。
private static void Main() {
var cfg = ConfigureNHibernate();
var sessionFactory = cfg.BuildSessionFactory();
Guid id;
using(var session = sessionFactory.OpenSession())
using(var tx = session.BeginTransaction()) {
var newCustomer = CreateCustomer();
Console.WriteLine("New Customer:");
Console.WriteLine(newCustomer);
session.Save(newCustomer);
id = newCustomer.Id;
tx.Commit();
}
using(var session = sessionFactory.OpenSession())
using(var tx = session.BeginTransaction()) {
var reloaded = session.Load<Customer>(id);
Console.WriteLine("Reloaded:");
Console.WriteLine(reloaded);
tx.Commit();
}
Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to exit...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
这是完整的Program.cs文件实现。
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using HibernatingRhinos.Profiler.Appender.NHibernate;
using NHibernate.Cfg;
using NHibernate.Dialect;
using NHibernate.Driver;
using NHibernate.Linq;
namespace NHibernateDemo {
internal class Program {
private static void Main() {
var cfg = ConfigureNHibernate();
var sessionFactory = cfg.BuildSessionFactory();
Guid id;
using(var session = sessionFactory.OpenSession())
using(var tx = session.BeginTransaction()) {
var newCustomer = CreateCustomer();
Console.WriteLine("New Customer:");
Console.WriteLine(newCustomer);
session.Save(newCustomer);
id = newCustomer.Id;
tx.Commit();
}
using(var session = sessionFactory.OpenSession())
using(var tx = session.BeginTransaction()) {
var reloaded = session.Load<Customer>(id);
Console.WriteLine("Reloaded:");
Console.WriteLine(reloaded);
tx.Commit();
}
Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to exit...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
private static Customer CreateCustomer() {
var customer = new Customer {
FirstName = "John",
LastName = "Doe",
Points = 100,
HasGoldStatus = true,
MemberSince = new DateTime(2012, 1, 1),
CreditRating = CustomerCreditRating.Good,
AverageRating = 42.42424242,
Address = CreateLocation()
};
var order1 = new Order {
Ordered = DateTime.Now
};
customer.AddOrder(order1);
var order2 = new Order {
Ordered = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1),
Shipped = DateTime.Now,
ShipTo = CreateLocation()
};
customer.AddOrder(order2);
return customer;
}
private static Location CreateLocation() {
return new Location {
Street = "123 Somewhere Avenue",
City = "Nowhere",
Province = "Alberta",
Country = "Canada"
};
}
private static Configuration ConfigureNHibernate() {
NHibernateProfiler.Initialize();
var cfg = new Configuration();
cfg.DataBaseIntegration(x =&ht {
x.ConnectionStringName = "default";
x.Driver<SqlClientDriver>();
x.Dialect<MsSql2008Dialect>();
x.IsolationLevel = IsolationLevel.RepeatableRead;
x.Timeout = 10; x.BatchSize = 10;
});
cfg.SessionFactory().GenerateStatistics();
cfg.AddAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
return cfg;
}
}
}
运行此应用程序时，您将看到以下输出。
New Customer:
John Doe (00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000)
Points: 100
HasGoldStatus: True
MemberSince: 1/1/2012 12:00:00 AM (Unspecified)
CreditRating: Good
AverageRating: 42.42424242
Orders:
Order Id: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
Order Id: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
Reloaded:
John Doe (9b0fcf10-83f6-4f39-bda5-a5b800ede2ba)
Points: 100
HasGoldStatus: True
MemberSince: 1/1/2012 12:00:00 AM (Utc)
CreditRating: Good
AverageRating: 42.4242
Orders:
Press <ENTER> to exit...
正如您所看到的，最初客户有 2 个订单，但是当我们重新加载它时，看不到任何订单。如果您查看customer.hbm.xml文件，您可以在这里看到我们没有映射实际的订单集合。所以NHibernate对此一无所知。让我们继续添加它。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
<hibernate-mapping xmlns = "urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2"
assembly = "NHibernateDemo" namespace = "NHibernateDemo">
<class name = "Customer">
<id name = "Id">
<generator class = "guid.comb"/>
</id>
<property name = "FirstName"/>
<property name = "LastName"/>
<property name = "AverageRating"/>
<property name = "Points"/>
<property name = "HasGoldStatus"/>
<property name = "MemberSince" type = "UtcDateTime"/>
<property name = "CreditRating" type = "CustomerCreditRatingType"/>
<component name = "Address">
<property name = "Street"/>
<property name = "City"/>
<property name = "Province"/>
<property name = "Country"/>
</component>
<set name = "Orders" table = "`Order`">
<key column = "CustomerId"/>
<one-to-many class = "Order"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
这是一个集合，这个集合的名称是“Orders”，它存储在一个名为 order 的表中。我们需要指定一个键，它是外键的名称或查找订单。这些订单通过客户 ID 标识或属于客户。然后我必须注意，这是一个一对多的关系，它与订单类有关。
我们还需要通过将新客户订单保存到数据库来稍微更改 Main 方法，如以下程序所示。
private static void Main() {
var cfg = ConfigureNHibernate();
var sessionFactory = cfg.BuildSessionFactory();
Guid id;
using(var session = sessionFactory.OpenSession())
using(var tx = session.BeginTransaction()) {
var newCustomer = CreateCustomer();
Console.WriteLine("New Customer:");
Console.WriteLine(newCustomer);
session.Save(newCustomer);
foreach (var order in newCustomer.Orders) {
session.Save(order);
}
id = newCustomer.Id;
tx.Commit();
}
using(var session = sessionFactory.OpenSession())
using(var tx = session.BeginTransaction()) {
var reloaded = session.Load<Customer>(id);
Console.WriteLine("The orders were ordered by: ");
foreach (var order in reloaded.Orders) {
Console.WriteLine(order.Customer);
}
tx.Commit();
}
Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to exit..."); Console.ReadLine();
}
我们还指定了哪个客户订购了该特定产品。因此，我们需要创建一个多对一的关系来将该订单与该客户联系起来。
所以让我们进入Order.hbm.xml文件，添加一个多对一，然后用customer ID命名customer字段和列。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
<hibernate-mapping xmlns = "urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" assembly = "NHibernateDemo"
namespace = "NHibernateDemo">
<class name = "Order" table = "`Order`">
<id name = "Id">
<generator class = "guid.comb"/>
</id>
<property name = "Ordered"/>
<property name = "Shipped"/>
<component name = "ShipTo">
<property name = "Street"/>
<property name = "City"/>
<property name = "Province"/>
<property name = "Country"/>
</component>
<many-to-one name = "Customer" column = "CustomerId"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
让我们再次运行此应用程序，现在您将看到以下输出。
New Customer:
John Doe (00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000)
Points: 100
HasGoldStatus: True
MemberSince: 1/1/2012 12:00:00 AM (Unspecified)
CreditRating: Good
AverageRating: 42.42424242
Orders:
Order Id: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
Order Id: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
Reloaded:
John Doe (660a6f29-650e-4380-99e0-a5b800febbde)
Points: 100
HasGoldStatus: True
MemberSince: 1/1/2012 12:00:00 AM (Utc)
CreditRating: Good
AverageRating: 42.4242
Orders:
Order Id: 57314deb-e023-4e55-ac1e-a5b800febbe3
Order Id: fc065683-d5f5-484b-ae42-a5b800febbe3
The orders were ordered by:
John Doe (660a6f29-650e-4380-99e0-a5b800febbde)
Points: 100
HasGoldStatus: True
MemberSince: 1/1/2012 12:00:00 AM (Utc)
CreditRating: Good
AverageRating: 42.4242
Orders:
Order Id: 57314deb-e023-4e55-ac1e-a5b800febbe3
Order Id: fc065683-d5f5-484b-ae42-a5b800febbe3
John Doe (660a6f29-650e-4380-99e0-a5b800febbde)
Points: 100
HasGoldStatus: True
MemberSince: 1/1/2012 12:00:00 AM (Utc)
CreditRating: Good
AverageRating: 42.4242
Orders:
Order Id: 57314deb-e023-4e55-ac1e-a5b800febbe3
Order Id: fc065683-d5f5-484b-ae42-a5b800febbe3
Press <ENTER> to exit...
