使用 systemctl 管理资源

使用 systemctl 管理资源


systemctl是用于控制 systemd 的实用程序。systemctl 为 CentOS 管理员提供了在 systemd 上执行多种操作的能力,包括 –

  • 配置 systemd 单元
  • 获取 systemd untis 的状态
  • 启动和停止服务
  • 为运行时等启用/禁用 systemd 服务。

systemctl的命令语法非常基本,但可能会涉及开关和选项。我们将介绍管理 CentOS Linux 所需systemctl最基本的功能

Basic systemctl syntax: 
systemctl [OPTIONS] COMMAND [NAME]

以下是与systemctl 一起使用的常用命令

  • 开始
  • 停止
  • 重新开始
  • 重新加载
  • 地位
  • 活跃
  • 列表单位
  • 使能够
  • 禁用
  • 表演

我们已经讨论过使用 systemctl启动停止重新加载重启启用禁用那么让我们回顾一下剩下的常用命令。

地位

以最简单的形式,状态命令可用于查看整个系统状态 –

[root@localhost rdc]# systemctl status 
 ● localhost.localdomain 
  State: running 
  Jobs: 0 queued
  Failed: 0 units 
  Since: Thu 2017-01-19 19:14:37 EST; 4h 5min ago 
CGroup: / 
       ├─1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21 
       ├─user.slice 
       │ └─user-1002.slice 
       │   └─session-1.scope 
       │     ├─2869 gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-password] 
       │     ├─2881 /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon --daemonize --login 
       │     ├─2888 gnome-session --session gnome-classic 
       │     ├─2895 dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session

以上输出已被压缩。在现实世界中systemctl status将输出大约 100 行树状进程状态。

假设我们要检查防火墙服务的状态 –

[root@localhost rdc]# systemctl status firewalld 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon 
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) 
Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-01-19 19:14:55 EST; 4h 12min ago 
 Docs: man:firewalld(1) 
Main PID: 825 (firewalld) 
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service 
       └─825 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

如您所见,我们的防火墙服务当前处于活动状态,并且已经运行了 4 个多小时。

列表单位

list-units 命令允许我们列出某种类型的所有单位。让我们检查由systemd管理的套接字

[root@localhost]# systemctl list-units --type=socket 
UNIT                         LOAD     ACTIVE     SUB     DESCRIPTION     
avahi-daemon.socket          loaded   active  running    Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack Activation Socket 
cups.socket                  loaded   active  running    CUPS Printing Service Sockets 
dbus.socket                  loaded   active  running    D-Bus System Message Bus Socket 
dm-event.socket              loaded   active  listening  Device-mapper event daemon FIFOs 
iscsid.socket                loaded   active  listening  Open-iSCSI iscsid Socket
iscsiuio.socket              loaded   active  listening  Open-iSCSI iscsiuio Socket 
lvm2-lvmetad.socket          loaded   active  running    LVM2 metadata daemon socket 
lvm2-lvmpolld.socket         loaded   active  listening  LVM2 poll daemon socket 
rpcbind.socket               loaded   active  listening  RPCbind Server Activation Socket 
systemd-initctl.socket       loaded   active  listening  /dev/initctl Compatibility Named Pipe 
systemd-journald.socket      loaded   active  running    Journal Socket 
systemd-shutdownd.socket     loaded   active  listening  Delayed Shutdown Socket 
systemd-udevd-control.socket loaded   active  running    udev Control Socket 
systemd-udevd-kernel.socket  loaded   active  running    udev Kernel Socket 
virtlockd.socket             loaded   active  listening  Virtual machine lock manager socket 
virtlogd.socket              loaded   active  listening  Virtual machine log manager socket

现在让我们检查当前正在运行的服务 –

[root@localhost rdc]# systemctl list-units --type=service 
UNIT                      LOAD     ACTIVE     SUB     DESCRIPTION 
abrt-ccpp.service         loaded   active   exited    Install ABRT coredump hook 
abrt-oops.service         loaded   active   running   ABRT kernel log watcher 
abrt-xorg.service         loaded   active   running   ABRT Xorg log watcher 
abrtd.service             loaded   active   running   ABRT Automated Bug Reporting Tool 
accounts-daemon.service   loaded   active   running   Accounts Service 
alsa-state.service        loaded   active   running   Manage Sound Card State (restore and store) 
atd.service               loaded   active   running   Job spooling tools 
auditd.service            loaded   active   running   Security Auditing Service

活跃

是活性命令是被设计为返回一个单元的状态信息的命令systemctl的一个例子。

[root@localhost rdc]# systemctl is-active ksm.service 
active

cat是很少使用的命令之一。无需在 shell 中使用 cat 并键入单元文件的路径,只需使用systemctl cat 即可

[root@localhost]# systemctl cat firewalld 
# /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service
[Unit] 
Description=firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon 
Before=network.target 
Before=libvirtd.service 
Before = NetworkManager.service 
After=dbus.service 
After=polkit.service 
Conflicts=iptables.service ip6tables.service ebtables.service ipset.service 
Documentation=man:firewalld(1)

[Service] 
EnvironmentFile = -/etc/sysconfig/firewalld 
ExecStart = /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS 
ExecReload = /bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID 
# supress to log debug and error output also to /var/log/messages 
StandardOutput = null 
StandardError = null

Type = dbus 
BusName = org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1

[Install] 
WantedBy = basic.target 
Alias = dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service

[root@localhost]#

现在我们已经更详细地探讨了systemdsystemctl,让我们使用它们来管理cgroupscontrol groups 中的资源

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